Peer review evaluation by colleagues with similar knowledge and experience is an essential component of academia and research.

The integrity of the peer review process depends on analysis that is:

• Timely;
• Thorough;
• Constructive;
• Free from personal bias or conflict of interest and commitment; and
• Respectful of the need for confidentiality.

External sponsors, including NIH and NSF, have their specific policies and guidance relative to the peer review process.

International Council of Medical Journal Editors Statement on Peer Review

Department of Health and Human Services- Office of Extramural Research National Institutes of Health Peer Review Policies and Practices